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Adolescence is a period of rapid growth, development and change and therefore, is most likely to be accompanied by a number of difficulties and problems. It is because of these, Stanley Hall views the adolescence as a 'period of great stress and strain, storm and strife'. ~The adolescent has many needs which are peculiar to his stage of development. If his needs are not satisfied, the adolescent faces problems. ~Some of the fundamental needs and problems of adolescents are discussed below:
(i) The problem of rapid growth and development. The characteristic of rapid growth and development at this stage itself creates great adjustment problems for the adolescents. Sudden changes in bodily organs particularly sexual organs make them feel awkward to cope up with others This transition from childhood stage to adulthood stage debars him or her to behave neither like a child nor like an adult.
(ii) The problem of sex: sex energy of an adolescent poses a number of problems, like anxiety, a feeling of guilt and adjustment problems. Because of social taboos/the sexual energy cannot find the desired outlets, and consequently the sexual feelings are repressed. The individual may become introvert and lose all interest in outer world. The remedy is physical exercise and keeping busy also helps in solving this problem.
(iii) The problem of emotional instability: An adolescent is emotionally highly unstable. He experiences intense emotional feelings. James. S. Ross says,” The adolescent lives an intensely emotional life, in which we can see once. more the rhythm of positive and negative phases of behaviour in his constant alternation between intense excitement and deep depression
(iv) The problem of a sense of insecurity: Generally, children at the adolescent stage are dependent upon their parents for the fulfillment of their needs. They have physical needs, intellectual needs, and emotional needs; needs regarding recreation and needs regarding their friends or social needs. If all such needs are not properly satisfied, they begin to damaging for the balanced development of personality and may lead to serious psychological problems.
(v) The problem of proper adjustment: the adolescent experiences a number of adjustment problems. For example, the generation gap between the parents and children causes serious problems of adjustment the taboos and the moral code prevailing in the society is generally not acceptable to the adolescents. mainly because of their high sense of idealism. The remedy, perhaps, lies in allowing more freedom to the adolescent, because, it is his natural craving to think and act independently.
(vi) The problem of lack of maturity: Another important problem of the adolescent is that t though he lacks experience and maturity. He has definitely grown in intelligence and he has begun to see the world form own point of Views and his actions; he has formed lofty ideals and ventures to transform the whole society. This seriously affects his judgements and there is a clash between the idealism of adolescent and the realism of the environment.
(vii) The problem of social values. Every society has its own customs and traditions which it wants to maintain and perpetuate. But the adolescent may 'not see eye to eye with these social values which may come into clash with the prevailing value. clash of values produces various types of complexes in the mind of the adolescent. so, he may have to face social disgrace. This situation can be remedied only if the society begins to take a liberal View regarding these things.
(viii) The problem of economic independence: Economic independence is fundamental to the development of a balanced personality. An adolescent wants to be independent in almost everything in the case of money matter. The educationists in lndia seem to have paid little attention to this fact. It is extremely essential that there should be a bright prospect. The adolescent is not sure about his future even after spending a number of years at studies. This adds to the frustration of the youth. The remedy lies if everyone is guaranteed suitable job, most of the problem of adolescent will automatically be solved.
(i) The problem of rapid growth and development. The characteristic of rapid growth and development at this stage itself creates great adjustment problems for the adolescents. Sudden changes in bodily organs particularly sexual organs make them feel awkward to cope up with others This transition from childhood stage to adulthood stage debars him or her to behave neither like a child nor like an adult.
(ii) The problem of sex: sex energy of an adolescent poses a number of problems, like anxiety, a feeling of guilt and adjustment problems. Because of social taboos/the sexual energy cannot find the desired outlets, and consequently the sexual feelings are repressed. The individual may become introvert and lose all interest in outer world. The remedy is physical exercise and keeping busy also helps in solving this problem.
(iii) The problem of emotional instability: An adolescent is emotionally highly unstable. He experiences intense emotional feelings. James. S. Ross says,” The adolescent lives an intensely emotional life, in which we can see once. more the rhythm of positive and negative phases of behaviour in his constant alternation between intense excitement and deep depression
(iv) The problem of a sense of insecurity: Generally, children at the adolescent stage are dependent upon their parents for the fulfillment of their needs. They have physical needs, intellectual needs, and emotional needs; needs regarding recreation and needs regarding their friends or social needs. If all such needs are not properly satisfied, they begin to damaging for the balanced development of personality and may lead to serious psychological problems.
(v) The problem of proper adjustment: the adolescent experiences a number of adjustment problems. For example, the generation gap between the parents and children causes serious problems of adjustment the taboos and the moral code prevailing in the society is generally not acceptable to the adolescents. mainly because of their high sense of idealism. The remedy, perhaps, lies in allowing more freedom to the adolescent, because, it is his natural craving to think and act independently.
(vi) The problem of lack of maturity: Another important problem of the adolescent is that t though he lacks experience and maturity. He has definitely grown in intelligence and he has begun to see the world form own point of Views and his actions; he has formed lofty ideals and ventures to transform the whole society. This seriously affects his judgements and there is a clash between the idealism of adolescent and the realism of the environment.
(vii) The problem of social values. Every society has its own customs and traditions which it wants to maintain and perpetuate. But the adolescent may 'not see eye to eye with these social values which may come into clash with the prevailing value. clash of values produces various types of complexes in the mind of the adolescent. so, he may have to face social disgrace. This situation can be remedied only if the society begins to take a liberal View regarding these things.
(viii) The problem of economic independence: Economic independence is fundamental to the development of a balanced personality. An adolescent wants to be independent in almost everything in the case of money matter. The educationists in lndia seem to have paid little attention to this fact. It is extremely essential that there should be a bright prospect. The adolescent is not sure about his future even after spending a number of years at studies. This adds to the frustration of the youth. The remedy lies if everyone is guaranteed suitable job, most of the problem of adolescent will automatically be solved.
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